All About JU-JITSU

SEE ALSO: AIKIDO, JUDO, KARATE, KENDO

Contents
Nage-waza Officials
Ne-waza Weight catergories
Individual competition Equipment
Fouls and misconduct

OVERVIEW

This is a traditional Japanese martial art with early Chinese influences. It does not rely entirely on strength, but more by redirecting the opponent's attack and using throws, strikes, and locks.

There are three main types of competitive ju-jitsu: Nage-waza, Ne-waza, and individual competition. Individual competition is divided by grade of competitor, nage-waza and ne-waza are divided by grade and weight category.

DETAILED RULES

Nage-waza

Two competitors face each other, and bow to each other, then to the senior judge. See officials, below. On command hajime (begin), they attempt to break each others balance and get into a position where they can throw the opponent.

A successful controlled throw gives a win (ippon) and an almost successful throw gives waza-ari. Two waza-aris equal one waza-ari awazette ippon which is the same as one ippon.

If an attempt does not get a score, the command is yoshi, to continue.

The contest lasts for three minutes. If there is no score the senior judge may extend the time.

An ippon is scored when the opponent has been thrown with both their feet having left the floor, and judged to have landed with at least 50% of their back on the mat.

A waza-ari is scored when the opponent has been thrown with both their feet having left the floor, and judged to have landed with less than 50% of their back on the mat, or when the opponent has been thrown with one foot having left the floor, and judged to have landed with at least 50% of their back on the mat

Ne-waza

Competitors bow to each other, and then to the senior judge, then sit facing back to back. On hajime, they turn and try to pin the opponent on their backs for thirty seconds. Armlocks and strangleholds can be applied instead for a submission.

The contest lasts for two or three minutes. If there is no score the senior judge may extend the time.

An ippon by the opponent submitting, either verbally or by tapping, or when the opponent is pinned on their back for thirty seconds. A judge may stop the contest prior to thirty seconds to prevent an injury, and ippon is awarded accordingly.

Individual competition

This can take two forms: Gauntlet and V-Attack.

Tori (defender) bow to the side judges, then to two lines of ukes (attackers) who are three metres (9 feet) apart, who face each other. Tori is given the commands yoi (ready), the hajime, and walks between the two lines of ukes. The attackers attack from the front or side with punches, kicks, or weapons made of rubber, plastic, or wood: broken bottle, knife, cosh, and chain.

After yame (stop) is called, the ukes form a v shape with tori at the point. On yoshi, attacks come in from both sides quickly. On yame, the defender bows to the attackers and to the side judges. Scores are given after all competitors have finished.

The contest lasts either one or two minutes, or when the senior judges have seen a variety of attacks and defences enough to give a score.

Marks out of ten are given by each judge for style (including posture, smoothness and use of movement), skill (including use of mat area, strategy, variation, speed and defence), and composure (including stamina, calmness, and awareness). Up to five marks may be awarded to individual attackers for quality and intent in attacking, which is added to their gauntlet and v-attack scores.

Fouls and misconduct

It is against the rules to:

- apply excessive techniques, such as strikes to eyes, throat, testicles

- endanger the opponents neck or spine

- bend back the opponent's fingers

- unsporting conduct (includes verbal or physical behaviour)

- ne-waza, apply locks other than to the arm

A foul can result in a private warning from the referee, a public warning (chui), or disqualification.

Officials

For nage-waza and ne-waza, one senior judge in the corner, and two or four corner judges, and there may also be a timekeeper and recorder. For individual competition, one assistant judge in the competition area, and two or four side judges, and one senior judge. There may also be a timekeeper and recorder.

Weight categories

Male
under 72 kilograms (under 159 pounds)
72 to 85 kilograms (159 to 187 pounds)
over 85 kilograms (over 187 pounds)

Female
under 60 kilograms (under 132 pounds)
over 60 kilograms (over 132 pounds)

Equipment

The competition area is at least 12 metres square (39 feet), with at least a 1 metre (3 feet) safety area around it.

Competitors wear a white judo gi with a coloured belt to show their standard. In nage-waza and ne-waza one competitor wears a red belt, the other competitor wears a white belt, for identification.

Senior judges wear a white gi and black hakama (ankle length divided skirt) with sleeveless black over-gi and obi, or over-robe without obi depending on their qualification. Corner judges wear a white gi and black belt and hakama.

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